Lung Cancer

Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is a type of cancer that usually originates in lung cells, causing uncontrolled cell growth. 

It is one of the most common cancer types worldwide and is often associated with smoking habits. However, non-smokers can also develop lung cancer. Since lung cancer is often diagnosed in advanced stages, preventive measures are crucial. 

Risk reduction can be achieved through measures such as avoiding smoking, avoiding passive smoking, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and undergoing regular health check-ups. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can effectively manage lung cancer, but it is generally a serious cancer type that significantly affects prognosis.

What Are the Symptoms of Lung Cancer?

Symptoms of lung cancer typically manifest in advanced stages of the disease and may unfortunately not be noticeable in early stages. Therefore, patients often receive a diagnosis at a more advanced stage when symptoms become apparent. Symptoms of lung cancer may include:

• Persistent cough
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Coughing up blood
• Fatigue and weakness
• Weight loss
• Loss of appetite

Symptoms can vary from person to person and may also indicate other health issues. Therefore, when a significant symptom is noticed, it is important to consult a healthcare professional in the relevant field for a detailed evaluation.

What Are the Types of Lung Cancer?

Lung cancer is generally classified into two main types: small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These two main categories encompass tumors with different cell structures and growth characteristics.

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)

• Small cell lung cancer is typically a more aggressive and fast-growing type. It often starts in the central region of the lungs and may have already spread significantly by the time of diagnosis. SCLC is commonly associated with smokers and tends to metastasize frequently.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Non-small cell lung cancer is generally a more common type and includes three subtypes: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. These subtypes have different cell structures and origins.

• Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Often starts in the central bronchi and can cause symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and coughing up blood.
• Adenocarcinoma: Represents a significant portion of lung cancer cases and often begins in the peripheral (outer) areas of the lungs. It can also occur in non-smokers.
• Large Cell Carcinoma: These tumors typically contain large cells and tend to grow rapidly. Symptoms are generally similar to other types of lung cancer.

Such classifications play a significant role in treatment planning and prognosis determination. The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer are personalized based on the type of tumor, its stage, and the patient's overall health.

How Is Lung Cancer Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of lung cancer is typically established through various medical tests and imaging methods. Initially, simple imaging tests like chest X-rays can identify lesions. However, for more detailed and accurate results, computed tomography (CT) scans are often preferred, as they provide a clearer view of small lesions or tumors in the lungs.

Bronchoscopy and biopsy methods also play a crucial role in the diagnostic process. Bronchoscopy involves using a flexible tube to enter the airways and obtain tissue samples from abnormal areas. These samples are sent to the laboratory for pathological examination, determining the type and characteristics of the cancer.

Sputum analysis is a test that investigates the presence of cancer cells in a patient's sputum (phlegm). However, it may not be sufficient on its own for diagnosing cancer and is often used in conjunction with other tests. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanning is an imaging technique that shows metabolic activity in the body and can help determine how much the cancer has spread. Lastly, blood tests and tumor markers may also be used, but these are evaluated in conjunction with other methods to confirm the diagnosis.

How Is Lung Cancer Treated?

The treatment of lung cancer is generally personalized based on the type of tumor, its stage, the patient's overall health, and other factors. The treatment plan is determined by a multidisciplinary healthcare team and often involves a combination of multiple treatment methods. In cases where small tumors are detected early, and the cancer is localized to one area of the lung, surgical intervention is often preferred. These surgeries aim to remove the tumor and surrounding healthy tissues.

In cases of advanced or unsuitable for surgery, radiation therapy may be used. High-energy rays target and kill cancer cells. Radiation therapy can be used to shrink the tumor, target a specific area, or eliminate remaining cells after surgery. Chemotherapy involves using drugs that kill or stop the growth of cancer cells. As a systemic treatment, it targets cancer cells circulating in the body. Chemotherapy can be used to shrink tumors before surgery, reduce the risk of recurrence after surgery, or in cases where cancer has spread.

Innovative Treatment Approaches for Lung Cancer

Targeted therapies focus on tumors with specific genetic changes. These therapies are usually determined based on biopsy results and focus on the specific characteristics of tumor cells. Immunotherapy is a treatment method that enhances the body's immune system to fight against cancer cells. It can be effective in certain types of lung cancer. In some cases, participating in clinical trials to evaluate new and experimental treatment methods may also be an option. For the 2024 lung cancer treatment costs and more detailed information, contact Medwide.