Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the prostate gland of men, resulting from the uncontrolled growth of prostate cells. The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located below the bladder and in front of the rectum, playing a crucial role in reproductive and urinary functions. It is the most common cancer in men in Turkey, with approximately 12,000 new cases diagnosed each year. It ranks as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men.
Globally, it is also one of the most common cancer types. Around 1.5 million new cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed worldwide annually. It holds the sixth position among the causes of cancer-related deaths in men globally.
Prostate cancer may not always present symptoms, particularly in the early stages. As the disease progresses, the following symptoms may emerge:
The exact cause of prostate cancer is not known, but several risk factors may increase the likelihood of its development. Genetic factors can influence the risk of prostate cancer, and individuals with a family history of the disease may have a higher probability of developing it. Additionally, specific genetic mutations can also elevate the risk.
Age plays a significant role, with the risk of prostate cancer generally increasing as men age. The irregular growth and proliferation of cells become more common with advancing age. Hormonal changes can also impact the development of prostate cancer, with conditions associated with increased levels of the testosterone hormone potentially raising the risk.
Dietary habits are among the factors associated with prostate cancer. A high-fat diet or low intake of vegetables and fruits can increase the risk. While the exact causes of prostate cancer are not fully understood, adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular doctor check-ups, early diagnosis, and appropriate treatment methods can help minimize the effects of the disease.
The diagnosis of prostate cancer is typically achieved through specific tests. Early detection can increase the chances of successful treatment. The PSA (prostate-specific antigen) test is a blood test that aids in identifying prostate cancer. Elevated PSA levels may indicate a likelihood of prostate cancer, but this test does not provide a definitive diagnosis. Biopsy, where the doctor takes a sample of prostate tissue to confirm the presence of cancer cells, is another crucial diagnostic method. Imaging tests such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to assess the spread of cancer.
The diagnosis of prostate cancer is generally based on a combination of these tests, considering factors such as the patient's overall health, age, and stage and type of cancer. A personalized treatment plan is then developed accordingly. Treatment options may include surgical intervention, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and chemotherapy.
While it may not be possible to completely prevent prostate cancer, certain lifestyle changes and regular health check-ups can reduce the risk of developing the disease. Adopting a low-fat and high-fiber diet, particularly avoiding red meat and high-fat foods, can lower the risk of prostate cancer. A diet rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and fish is preferable.
Regular exercise supports overall health and can help reduce the risk of prostate cancer. Engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week can be beneficial. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer, so maintaining a healthy body weight can have positive effects on overall health and reduce cancer risk.
Like in all cancer cases, smoking is known to increase the risk of prostate cancer. Avoiding tobacco products and excessive alcohol consumption not only improves general health but also significantly reduces the risk of cancer. If there is a family history of prostate cancer, individuals must share this information with their doctors, as genetic factors can influence the risk. Family history should be taken into account.
The treatment of prostate cancer depends on various factors such as the patient's overall health, and the stage and type of cancer, among others. In cases where low-risk prostate cancer is diagnosed, where rapid progression is not expected, active surveillance may be employed. This involves regular monitoring and testing without immediate initiation of treatment.
Prostate cancer is often treated with surgical intervention, known as radical prostatectomy, involving the complete removal of the prostate. Surgery is used to control and prevent the spread of cancer cells. Radiation therapy, aiming to kill cancer cells using high-energy rays, is another option for treating prostate cancer. Different techniques such as external beam radiation therapy or brachytherapy (internal radiation) can be employed.
Prostate cancer is mostly dependent on a hormone called testosterone. Hormone therapy aims to control the growth of cancer cells by either blocking the production or effects of this hormone. Chemotherapy is also an option for prostate cancer treatment, generally considered for more advanced stages. Chemotherapy drugs aim to kill or stop the growth of cancer cells. Contact Medwide for detailed information.
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Prostate cancer is typically a slow-progressing type of cancer, and many men may have prostate cancer cells at some point in their lives. However, whether prostate cancer is dangerous or not depends on various factors, so an evaluation considering the patient's overall health, the stage of cancer, and other individual factors is necessary.
Prostate cancer has a higher chance of successful treatment when detected in the early stages and appropriate treatment methods are applied. However, whether prostate cancer is entirely cured or not depends on the patient's overall health, the stage of cancer, and how well the cancer responds to treatment. In some cases, prostate cancer can be completely cured, but treatment may be more challenging when diagnosed in advanced stages.
PSA (prostate-specific antigen) levels are typically used for the diagnosis and monitoring of prostate cancer through a blood test. Elevated PSA levels may indicate a higher likelihood of prostate cancer, but a biopsy is necessary for a definitive diagnosis. Doctors may pay closer attention to PSA levels if they are generally above 4 ng/mL, but it's important to note that some cases of prostate cancer may occur with lower PSA levels. Therefore, PSA levels should be used as an indicator, and additional tests should be employed for an accurate diagnosis. Since each patient's situation is unique, PSA levels and other factors should be assessed together.
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